In conclusion, despite the relatively quick action taken to curb the use of ozone destroying compounds, the ozone hole over Antarctica and ozone layer thinning over other areas will persist into the next century. Therefore, we can count on relatively constant rays of UV-B from the sun, in addition to the desirable rays, over that time period. We are a long way from understanding the effects of UV-B, alone and in combination with other environmental stressors, on organisms and ecosystems but, with research based on field-conditions, we will continue to expand our knowledge. There is evidence that many organisms will adapt to increased UV-B, but populations or species that are not able to adapt in the short timeframe of increasing UV-B are also sure to suffer. With hope, ozone depletion and the subsequent harmful increases in UV-B will serve as a lesson on how quickly human actions can change the environment, and affect other organisms, ecosystems, and ultimately, ourselves.