Simple thalloid I
As shown in Figure 6 (modified from Forrest et al., 2006), the simple thalloid I clade includes part of the Metzgeriales (the Pallaviciniaceae and the Hymenophytaceae, plus Makinoa), the Fossombroniales (the Pelliaceae, Allisoniaceae, and Fossombroniaceae), and one member of the Treubiales (Phyllothallia; see Classification). Clearly, none of these orders are monophyletic, and neither are many of the families.
Figure 6. Simple thalloid clade I (based on the topology from the 5 partition Bayesian analysis of 5 loci including chloroplast, nuclear, and mitochondrial DNA). |
Uniting the Pallaviciniaceae and the Hymenophytaceae:
- Gametangia clustered on dorsal midrib and associated with scales (perigonial [male gametangia] or perichaetial [female gametangia])
- Mostly elongate capsules
Hymenophyton (photo by B. Crandall-Stotler) |
Pallavicinia levieri (photo by L. Zhang) |
Most of the rest of the members of Simple thalloid I have gametangia scattered on their thallus surfaces (except Allisonia and Petalophyllum) and sphaeroidal capsules.
Simple thalloid I contains several taxa that are leafy, which have always been classified with the simple thalloids (see Morphological Diversity). These include Phyllothallia, Fossombronia and Austrofossombronia, Petalophyllum, and Noteroclada.
Noteroclada confluens (photo by L. Zhang) |
Phyllothallia nivicola (photo by M. von Konrat) |
Haplomitriaceae and Treubiaceae
Complex Thalloids and the Blasiaceae
Simple thalloids I
Simple thalloids II plus the Pleuroziaceae
Leafy I
Leafy II
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